Sustainable Energy Materials

3D Photovoltaics

Led by
Esther Alarcón Lladó

Our group focuses on the development of new materials and sustainable energy conversion principles, including the investigation of nanoscale phenomena at (electrified) solid-liquid interfaces for sustainable energy generation.

Research Focus

The focus of the group is to understand, visualize, and control nanoscale physical and chemical processes that have a significant impact on renewable energy generation and conversion, both of which are essential for a sustainable future. To do so, we have built a state-of-the-art research lab for nanophotonic numerical modelling, nanomaterial fabrication, scanning probe microscopy and nano-electrochemistry.

Light can be transformed into any of the three main energy carriers that rule our society (electricity, chemicals, heat), offering a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. By understanding and optimizing light-matter interactions, these transformations can be made greener and more efficient. In our group, we combine numerical modelling with complementary microscopy techniques to develop new fundamental insights into light-matter interactions. For example, we design advanced nanophotonic architectures that enable high-efficiency photovoltaic devices that require less material and rely on more cost-effective materials. In parallel, we explore how light can enhance the efficiency, selectivity, and safety of chemical processes, which is crucial for enabling a sustainable transition in the chemical industry.

Electron microscope image of a transparent silver grid that conducts electricity in a solar cell. Credit: Yorick Bleiji (AMOLF)
Electron microscope image of a transparent silver grid that conducts electricity in a solar cell. Credit: Yorick Bleiji (AMOLF)

The energy transition towards electrification requires the development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts. Our research addresses the fundamental question of why certain materials exhibit high electrocatalytic activity while others do not. We develop and apply advanced electrochemical scanning probe techniques that not only resolve structure–function relationships at the nanoscale in operando conditions but also enable controlled electrochemical reactions with nanometre precision.

AMOLF logo fabricated by direct electrochemical deposition with a scanning nanoelectrode
AMOLF logo fabricated by direct electrochemical deposition with a scanning nanoelectrode
Researchers and Staff
Group members
Esther Alarcón Lladó
Esther Alarcón Lladó
Group leader

Selected publications

Large-Area Deterministic Stamping of 2D Materials on Patterned Surfaces
Dias, B., Dziobek-Garrett, R., Mentasti, G., Gupta, A., Lambertz, A., Alarcón-Lladó, E., Schall, P., Bliem, R.& van de Groep, J. (2026). Large-Area Deterministic Stamping of 2D Materials on Patterned Surfaces. ACS Nano, 20(29), 20611–20622.https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6c04231
Trapping Light in Solar Cells with Disordered Hyperspectral Uniformity
Lambertz, A. (2026). Trapping Light in Solar Cells with Disordered Hyperspectral Uniformity.
Blob detection for photonic metasurface designing: angular and spectral control of scattered light
Tiede, A., Feldman, N., Lambertz, A., Koenderink, F., Fontcuberta i Morral, A.& Alarcón-Lladó, E. (2026). Blob detection for photonic metasurface designing: angular and spectral control of scattered light. Adv. Photonics, 8(3), 036005 : 1–10.https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.3.036005
Optimizing carrier collection in solar cells through nanoscale junction design
Micali, M., Lemerle, R. F., Tiede, A., Fontcuberta i Morral, A.& Alarcón-Lladó, E. (2026). Optimizing carrier collection in solar cells through nanoscale junction design. Energy Adv., 5, 427–433.https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ya00251f
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